Hyperthyroidism, the overproduction of thyroid hormone, is not uncommon in older felines. In fact, it is the most common endocrine problem in cats. Environmental, nutritional, and immune factors are believed to contribute to the development of tumors that stimulate the thyroid glands to secrete too much thyroid hormone.
Although the symptoms of hyperthyroidism vary from cat to cat, some are common. Most hyperthyroid cats lose weight despite increased appetite, and many develop heart murmurs or an elevated heart rate.
Other common symptoms include vomiting, excessive thirst, and urination which can also indicate diabetes and increased activity. However, the initial diagnosis can be tricky because some cats have less appetite and become less active as they age.
In some cases, an affected cat may experience diarrhea or respiratory problems. Blood tests that assess hormone levels are necessary to accurately diagnose hyperthyroidism. Once diagnosed, the disease can usually be controlled with medication, radioactive iodine therapy, or surgery.
Like most predators, your cat has anal glands or anal sacs embedded in the anal sphincter muscle. When the animal defecates, becomes alarmed or excited, the glands excrete a pungent liquid that identifies the individual animal.
In fact, it is the presence of that fluid that makes an animal’s feces so interesting to other animals. Healthy anal glands are expressed or emptied every time your cat has a bowel movement. However, the anal glands can retain fluid if they become impacted or blocked, infected or injured, which can cause discomfort, pain, and in some cases more serious complications for your cat.
If you notice your cat excessively licking or biting the anal area or slipping its butt across the floor, or if it develops a foul odor, you need veterinary attention. Treatment generally involves manual removal of the glands, a simple procedure. In chronic cases, the glands can be removed.